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# prints each letter separately.
name = 'Juliet'
for ch in name:
print(ch)
# string indexes
string_name = 'Roses are red'
print(string_name[0], string_name[6], string_name[10])
# returns R a r
# string length
message = 'Hello world'
print(len(message)) # find length of string, this returns 11
# prevent loop from iterating beyond end of string
city = 'Boston'
index = 0
while index < len(city):
print(city[index])
index += 1
message = 'Hello world'
print(message[0:5]) # find range | 0 is starting point, and 5 is ending point minus one.
print(message[:5]) # same as above
print(message[6:]) # prints value at index position 6 through the end.
# in and not in operators
text = 'Four score and seven years ago'
if 'seven' in text:
print('the string seven was found.')
if 'blanket' not in text:
print('the string blanket was not found.')
# general format: stringvariable.method(arguments)
# RETURNS TRUE IF STRING IS....
isalnum() # only alphabetic letters or digits
isalpha() # only alphabetic letters
isdigit() # only numeric digits
islower() # all of the letters are lowercase
isspace() # only whitespace characters (\n) (\t)
isupper() # all of the letters are uppercase
lower() # convert to lowercase
lstrip() # leading whitespace characters removed, spaces, (\n) (\t) at beginning
lstrip(char) # all instances of char that appear at beginning removed
rstrip() # all whitespace characters removed, spaces, (\n) (\t) at end
rstrip(char) # all instances of char that appear at end removed
strip() # all leading and trailing whitespace characters removed
strip(char) # all instances of char that appear at the beginning and end removed.
upper() # convert to uppercase
# Substring arguments below are any string
endswith(substring) # returns true if string ends with substring
find(substring) # returns the lowers index in the string where substring is found.
# If substring is not found returns -1
replace(old, new) # replaces old with new
startswith(substring) # returns true if string starts with substring
message = 'Hello world'
print(message.lower()) # running lowercase method on string
print(message.upper()) # runs uppercase
print(message.count('Hello')) # must pass in an argument for this method. Returns 1.
print(message.count('l')) # can also isolate single letters. Returns 3.
print(message.find('world') # finds world, returns 6 because that's where it starts.
# You cannot edit an existing string so this is how you make changes:
message = message.replace('world', 'universe') # replaces world with universe.
# Use split method to break a string into a list or to replace values.
date_string = '11/26/2018'
date_list = date_string.split('/') # variable is now ['11','26','2018']
print('Month: ',date_list[0]) # returns Month: 11
# Concatenate strings - when you only have a few variables to concatenate:
greeting = 'Hello'
firstname = 'Tina'
message = greeting + ' ' + firstname
# Concatenating Strings using Formatted String:
message = '{}, {}. Welcome!'.format(greeting, firstname) # older method
# {} work as placeholders, and then we use the format method and include our arguments.
# message printed returns 'Hello, Tina. Welcome!'
# Formatted String "F string" logic - new way of formatting strings.
message = f'{greeting}, {firstname}. Welcome!' # python 3.6 and higher method
# and you can add functions to the placeholders:
message = f'{greeting}, {firstname.upper()}. Welcome!' # adds all caps method
# See all methods available to variables using dir.
# Gives broad overview of all attributes and methods available.
print(dir(firstname))
# Get a description of methods.
print(help(str))
# Get more information on specific method.
print(help(str.lower))
a_file = open("sample.txt", "r")
string_without_line_breaks = ""
for line in a_file:
stripped_line = line.rstrip()
string_without_line_breaks += stripped_line
a_file.close()
print(string_without_line_breaks)