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Techniques for Designing Classes

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Steps for Designing Classes

1 - Find the Classes in the problem:

• Get a written description of problem domain
• Identify the nouns
• Refine the list to only classes relavant to the problem

2 - Identify the Class’s Responsibility:

• Attributes: The things the class is responsible for knowing
• Methods: The things the class is responsible for doing

3 - Design a UML Diagram Unified modeling language (UML) diagram:

• TOP: Name of class
• MIDDLE: List of class’s attributes
• BOTTOM: List of class’s methods

Example

Attributes and Methods Identified and Separated

What must the class know (attributes):

• customer name
• customer address
• customer phone

What must the class do (methods):

• initialize an object
• set and return name
• set and return address
• set and return phone

Create UML Diagram

------------------------------
        Customer                # class name
------------------------------
__name
__address
__phone                         # class attributes
------------------------------
__init__(name, address, phone)
set_name(name)
set_address(address)
set_phone(phone)
get_name(name)
get_address(address)
get_phone(phone)                # class methods
------------------------------

Translate Information into Class

class Customer:
    def __init__(self, name, address, phone):
        self.__name = name
        self.__address = address
        self.__phone = phone

    def set_name(self, name):
        self.__name = name

    def set_address(self, address):
        self.__address = address

    def set_phone(self, phone):
        self.__phone = phone

    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

    def get_address(self):
        return self.__address

    def get_phone(self):
        return self.__phone